\u30a8\u30b0\u30b6\u30d3\u30a8\u30eb\u30fb\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u5728\u97d3\u7c73\u8ecd\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98(4\u3064\u661f\u5927\u5c06)\u306f17\u65e5\u3001\u300c\u97d3\u56fd\u306f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u5317\u65b9\u8266\u968a\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u90e8\u6226\u533a\u3001\u5317\u671d\u9bae\u8ecd\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u8ca0\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u3068\u4e2d\u56fd\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u727d\u5236(\u3051\u3093\u305b\u3044)\u3067\u304d\u308b\u97d3\u534a\u5cf6(\u671d\u9bae\u534a\u5cf6)\u306e\u300c\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u8ce6\u8ab2(impose cost)\u300d \u80fd\u529b\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002\u97d3\u534a\u5cf6\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306e\u6226\u7565\u7684\u5229\u70b9\u3092\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u3057\u3001\u5728\u97d3\u7c73\u8ecd\u304c\u534a\u5cf6\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u3066\u5730\u57df\u5185\u3067\u4e2d\u56fd\u30fb\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u727d\u5236\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u70b9\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3082\u306e\u3068\u307f\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002
\u00a0\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u306f\u3053\u306e\u65e5\u3001\u97d3\u56fd\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3068\u306e\u66f8\u9762\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3067\u300c\u97d3\u56fd\u306e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306f\u3001\u5317\u671d\u9bae\u30fb\u4e2d\u56fd\u30fb\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7af6\u4e89\u8ef8(multiple axes of competition)\u306b\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3092\u884c\u4f7f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u72ec\u7279\u306e\u5229\u70b9\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u304c\u540c\u65e5\u3001\u5728\u97d3\u7c73\u8ecd\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u300c\u6771\u304c\u4e0a\u306e\u5730\u56f3(east-up map):\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u306e\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u6226\u7565\u7684\u5229\u70b9\u516c\u958b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u3067A4\u7528\u7d193\u679a\u5206\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u63b2\u8f09\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u304d\u3063\u304b\u3051\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u306f\u3001\u97d3\u534a\u5cf6\u3092\u4e2d\u592e\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u3001\u5357\u5317\u3092\u9006\u3055\u306b\u3057\u305f\u6771\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u5730\u56f3\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3044\u3046\u3002\u5728\u97d3\u7c73\u8ecd\u306f\u4eca\u5e74\u521d\u3081\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u306e\u6307\u793a\u3067\u5185\u90e8\u6559\u80b2\u7528\u306b\u3053\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u3068\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30d4\u30f3\u304c\u5730\u56f3\u306e\u53f3\u4e0a\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u201c\u6771\u304c\u4e0a\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u201d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5730\u56f3\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5728\u97d3\u7c73\u8ecd\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u304c\u3042\u308b\u4eac\u757f\u9053\u5e73\u6ca2(\u30ad\u30e7\u30f3\u30ae\u30c9\u30fb\u30d4\u30e7\u30f3\u30c6\u30af)\u300c\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d7\u30fb\u30cf\u30f3\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u300d\u304b\u3089\u5e73\u58cc(\u30d4\u30e7\u30f3\u30e4\u30f3)\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u30e2\u30b9\u30af\u30ef\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30de\u30cb\u30e9\u3001\u53f0\u5317\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u304c\u30de\u30a4\u30eb\u3068\u30ad\u30ed\u3067\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u6d77\u5ce1\u3084\u5357\u30b7\u30ca\u6d77\u3067\u6b66\u529b\u885d\u7a81\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u969b\u3001\u5728\u97d3\u7c73\u8ecd\u306e\u6295\u5165\u3092\u5ff5\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u3082\u51fa\u305f\u3002\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u306f5\u6708\u306b\u3082\u97d3\u56fd\u3092\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u3068\u4e2d\u56fd\u306e\u9593\u306b\u6d6e\u304b\u3076\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8266\u300d\u306b\u4f8b\u3048\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5185\u90e8\u6559\u80b2\u7528\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5730\u56f3\u3092\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u516c\u958b\u3057\u3001\u5728\u97d3\u7c73\u8ecd\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u97d3\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u3068\u306e\u758e\u901a\u306b\u4e57\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u6226\u7565\u7684\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u62e1\u5927\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u3088\u308a\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u63aa\u7f6e\u3068\u307f\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5728\u97d3\u7c73\u8ecd\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u5909\u66f4\u306f\u907f\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3082\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7279\u306b\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u304c\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u305f\u300c\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u8ce6\u8ab2\u300d\u3068\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u5f37\u307f\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3064\u3064\u4ed6\u56fd\u306b\u4e0d\u5229\u306a\u7af6\u4e89\u3092\u5f37\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u8ca0\u62c5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u6226\u7565\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3001\u300c(\u97d3\u56fd\u306e\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066)\u6211\u3005\u306e\u540c\u76df\u306f\u6226\u7565\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u62e1\u6563\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u73fe\u5b58\u306e\u6226\u529b\u3068\u5099\u3048\u306e\u614b\u52e2\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u5468\u8fba\u56fd\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306b\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3057\u300c\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5f37\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6291\u6b62\u63aa\u7f6e\u306f\u3001\u5730\u57df\u5185\u306e\u5b89\u5b9a\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5317\u671d\u9bae\u304c\u4f5c\u6226\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4f5c\u6226\u534a\u5f84\u5185\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u97d3\u56fd\u3068\u5728\u97d3\u7c73\u8ecd\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u3068\u88c5\u5099\u3092\u6295\u5165\u305b\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u306f\u300c\u3069\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3082\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u8ab2\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u614b\u52e2\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u671d\u9bae\u534a\u5cf6\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u9632\u885b\u7dda\u3092\u5805\u56fa\u306b\u3059\u308b\u6838\u5fc3\u3060\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u307e\u305f\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u306f\u300c\u671d\u9bae\u534a\u5cf6\u306f\u9577\u3044\u9593\u3001\u524d\u65b9\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u5916\u7e01\u57fa\u5730\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u304c(\u6771\u304c\u4e0a\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u306b)\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308c\u3070\u6226\u7565\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u300c\u6771\u304c\u4e0a\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u97d3\u56fd\u30fb\u65e5\u672c\u30fb\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30d4\u30f3\u304c\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u9023\u7d50\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3001\u300c\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u56f3\u306f\u3001\u671d\u9bae\u534a\u5cf6\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u540c\u76df\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u4efb\u52d9\u3092\u3088\u308a\u5f37\u56fa\u306b\u3059\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8a9e\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3055\u3089\u306b\u300c\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u57df\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5317\u671d\u9bae\u306e\u30df\u30b5\u30a4\u30eb\u80fd\u529b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5316\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3001\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u8105\u5a01\u304c\u56fd\u5883\u3092\u884c\u304d\u6765\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3057\u300c(east-up\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u306f)\u671d\u9bae\u534a\u5cf6\u306e\u8fd1\u63a5\u6027\u3092\u5371\u967a\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u52a9\u3051\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
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